The rp photonics buyers guide contains 34 suppliers for distributed feedback lasers. Semiconductor distributed feedback lasers with quantum. The need for greater bandwidth has driven laser manufacturers towards the use of distributed feedback semiconductor dfb lasers with a welldefined single mode. The effective periodicity of the grating experienced by the nanowire was altered using nanomanipulation to. Other practical types of single frequency laser diodes include dfb lasers and external cavity diode lasers. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers plumb, dick. The bragg grating causes a wavelength dependent distributed feedback of light. This thesis develops a belowthreshold model for the spectra of. By offering a single mode oscillation and narrow spectral output, distributed feedback dfb semiconductor laser diodes offer excellent optical light sources as well as. Even though the analysis in that paper is general, most of the attention is devoted to the discussion of fwm in twas. Osa singlemode semiconductor lasers fabricated by standard. Pdf incorporating monolithic distributed feedback dfb gratings into. We have demonstrated a single wavelength electrically pumped distributed feedback silicon evanescent laser operating at 1600 nm. This project will investigate entirely novel designs of the feedback mirror structures in longitudinal and verticalcavity semiconductor lasers.
Rp photonics encyclopedia distributed feedback lasers. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers spie optical engineering press, the institution of electrical engineers plumb, dick, carroll, john e. The lasers were readily fabricated by solution deposition of thin polymer films on top of gratings etched into fused silica substrates. Yanping xu,1 mingjiang zhang,1,2 liang zhang,1 ping lu,3 stephen mihailov,3 and xiaoyi bao1, 1department of physics, university of ottawa, 25 templeton street, ottawa, ontario k1n 6n5, canada. Distributedfeedback semiconductor lasers springerlink. Seeds2, huiyun liu2, siyuan yu1,3 1state key laboratory of optoelectronic materials and technologies, sun yatsen university, guangzhou 510275. Termsvector search result for semiconductor lasers. Output spectrum relative power spectrum frequency 0.
In the dfb laser the amplification region is periodically structured, thus, providing through onedimensional bragg grating scattering of light propagating back into the cavity and an optical feedback for the laser. The modifications were to increase the mode selectivity, field flatness and to decrease the spatial holeburning shb effect. Such lasers are referred to as singlefrequency or singlelongitudinalmode lasers and in view of their potential application in optical communication systems were studied extensively. Phaseslip induced distributed feedback resonator modes. The structure builds a onedimensional interference grating bragg scattering and the grating provides optical feedback for the laser. Carroll s 99 research works with 1,158 citations and 581 reads, including. Principles of distributed feedback semiconductor laser diodes. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers john carroll, james. Basic principles of lasers with distributed feedback. The 35 mm long fiber laser device emits with 50 db side mode suppression ratio.
Types of cavities external cavities can be tunable cleaved surfaces with distributed feedback dfb distributed bragg reflectors goals. Timedelay signature suppression in a chaotic semiconductor. Typical geometrical sizes of the laser chip are m x 500m x 200m length x width x height. Phaseslip induced distributed feedback resonator modes with. As an indirectbandgap semiconductor, silicon is very inefficient in light emission 4,5. Thorlabs distributed feedback dfb lasers are narrowlinewidth, singlefrequency laser diodes that use a corrugated waveguide throughout the active region of the laser cavity see sfl guide tab. Handbook of distributed feedback laser diodes download. Yanping xu,1 mingjiang zhang,1,2 liang zhang,1 ping lu,3 stephen mihailov,3 and xiaoyi bao1. Single mode operation manufacturable stable low parasitic losses ideally, tunable. Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice lasers. Lasers emit coherent light at wavelengths that are well defined. A fourth type, the cleavedcoupledcavity laser has not proven to be commercially viable. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers john carroll, james whiteway and dick plumb polina bayvel 1 optical and quantum electronics volume 31, pages 291 292 1999 cite this article. The institution of electrical engineers, l998,412pp.
Modeling of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. Selfinjected semiconductor distributed feedback lasers for frequency chirp stabilization khalil kechaou,1, frederic grillot,1,2 jeanguy provost,3 bruno thedrez,1 and didier erasme1 1institut minestelecom, telecom paristech, cnrs ltci, 46 rue barrault, 75634 paris cedex, france. Lasing modes in organic solid state distributed feedback lasers. Distributed feedback dfb semiconductor lasers are the workhorses of optical. Digital filter approach for simulation of a complex integrated laser. The laser threshold is 25 ma, and has a maximum laser output of 5. The singlemode semiconductor lasers with 20thorder. Sampled grating distributed feedback sg dfb semiconductor.
Pigtailed, distributed feedback dfb singlefrequency. Get your kindle here, or download a free kindle reading app. In order to explore the technological potential of organic semiconductor lasers two alternative concepts for electrical operation were examined. Distributed feedback laser diodes and optical tunable. All the lasers in the laser array have an identical grating period with an equivalent chirped grating structure, which are realized by nonuniform sampling of the gratings. Principles of distributed feedback semiconductor laser. We report the fabrication of opticallypumped solidstate distributed feedback lasers utilizing two bluelightemitting semiconducting polyfluorenes as gain media. In 1994, a new type of semiconductor laser that did not have a builtin pn junction was demonstrated 3. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers semantic scholar. Since the optical feedback strongly influences the creation of light, this feedback engineering should be a powerful tool to precisely achieve the desired laser properties, e. This chapter starts with a more physical derivation of the coupledmode equations and moves on to new features such as the eigenmodes for the analytic solutions, the influence of grating parameters on the dispersion diagram and the stopband of nonpropagating frequencies. Distributed feedback laser diodes and optical wavelength tunable filters deals with the advances in optical fibre based communication systems that have played a crucial role in the development of the information highway.
By offering a single mode oscillation and narrow spectral output, distributed feedback dfb semiconductor laser diodes offer. Distributed feedback dfb semiconductor lasers are the workhorses of optical communications providing single wavelength and narrow linewidth optical sources for demanding dense wavelength division multiplexing applications. Rpmc lasers offers a wide selection of distributed feedback lasers dfb. Modelling the spectra of distributed feedback lasers. Blue, surfaceemitting, distributed feedback polyfluorene. While the majority of photonic functions can now be realized on silicon 3, one key missing component is an efficient silicon based laser. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying optimal communications and for industrial designers of optoelectronic devices. We have implemented singlemode lasing using distributed feedback by externally coupling gallium nitride nanowires to a dielectric grating to achieve modecontrol.
Semiconductor lasers optical processes in semiconductors absorption, gain, and pumping. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers plumb, dick, carroll, john e. Distributed feedback laser diodes and optical tunable filters. Theory and experiment rongqing hui, sergio benedetto, and ivo montrosset abstractan analytical description of nearly degenerate fourwave mixing in a singlemode semiconductor laser operat. Distributed feedback dfb semiconductor lasers emit light in a single mode which is essential to providing the carrier in long haul high bitrate optical communication systems. The laser chip is grown by movpe of compound semiconductor material. Simulation challenges for distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. Singlemode semiconductor lasers with 20th and 37thorder gratings for the 1. Handbook of nitride semiconductors and devices, ganbased optical and electronic devices handbook of nitride semiconductors and devices vch volume 3.
Organic semiconductor lasers with twodimensional distributed feedback. It provides a thorough analysis of the operation and design of dfb semiconductor lasers, a highlevel tutorial discussion, and a full account. The theory of fwm in semiconductor laser devices has already been developed 5. Start reading handbook of distributed feedback laser diodes, second edi. A distributed bragg reflector laser dbr is a type of single frequency laser diode. Semiconductor optoelectronics farhan rana, cornell university chapter distributed feedback dfb structures and semiconductor dfb lasers. Plumb, distributed feedback semiconductor lasers, the institution of electrical engineers, london, 1998. The parameters ll, lk, lg, m and n are very important in determining the single mode selectivity hence, they must be carefully chosen when the device is manufacturing. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers by john carroll, 9780852969175, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Osa distributed feedback fiber laser pumped by multimode.
Selfinjected semiconductor distributed feedback lasers. The structure builds a onedimensional interference grating bragg scattering and the grating provides optical feedback for the. Distributed feedback dfb semiconductor lasers have a periodic modulation of refractive index, or bragg grating, in the active region of the device. These wavelengths are usually fixed once the device has been fabricated. The output characteristics, modal properties, farfield profiles, and dynamic modulation responses of semiconductor lasers with surface higherorder gratings fabricated by the standard photolithography are presented. In the case of a fiber laser, the distributed reflection occurs in a fiber bragg grating, typically with a length of a few millimeters or centimeters. All the lasers in the laser array have an identical grating period with an equivalent chirped grating structure, which are. Periodic structures, like the dbr mirrors in vcsels, can be also realized in a waveguide, as shown. Carrolls 99 research works with 1,158 citations and 581 reads, including. A fourth type, the cleavedcoupledcavity laser has not proven to be commercially. This thesis develops a belowthreshold model for the spectra of dfb lasers. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers iet digital library. Simulation challenges for distributed feedback semiconductor. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers john carroll.
Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice. Improved resonance and chirp mechanisms for multigigabits pushpull modulated dfb lasers. Rp photonics encyclopedia distributed feedback lasers, dfb. A distributed feedback laser dfb is a type of laser diode, quantum cascade laser or optical fiber laser where the active region of the device contains a periodically structured element or diffraction grating. This longitudinal diffraction grating has periodic. It is therefore desirable to devise means for a semiconductor laser to emit light predominantly in a single longitudinal mode even under highspeed modulation. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers ieee xplore. Fabrication of gaaiasgaas single quantum well gaincoupled distributed feedback lasers aip conf. Lasers model for a bipolar semiconductor laser principle of random distributed feedback.
Random distributed feedback fibre lasers sciencedirect. A distributed feedback fiber laser made of highly eryb codoped phosphate glass fiber has been demonstrated experimentally. Selfinjected semiconductor distributed feedback lasers for. Organic semiconductor lasers with twodimensional distributed. Timedelay signature suppression in a chaotic semiconductor laser by fiber random grating induced distributed feedback. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers john carroll, james whiteway and dick plumb. Due to these lengths the total laser cavity length l is see fig. A dfb lasers periodic structure acts as a distributed reflector, providing optical. Handbook of distributed feedback laser diodes artech. This is specially important in situations where direct modulation dm of the. Jan 15, 2016 lasers emit coherent light at wavelengths that are well defined. Distributed feedback gallium nitride nanowire lasers. Laser diodes for optical fiber telecommunication systems.
Distributed feedbacks for timedelay signature suppression. The theory of dfb lasers is well understood with many excellent texts devoted to the subject 1. Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers by john carroll. Efficient pump absorption allows for multimode pumping into the cladding of the active fiber.
The distributed feedback laser diode dfb ld was initially proposed in 1972, thereafter modified due to its super properties as a good light source. Most distributedfeedback lasers are either fiber lasers or semiconductor lasers, operating on a single resonator mode singlefrequency operation. Pdf highpower and highefficiency distributed feedback dfb. Evans david sarnoff research center princeton, new jersey prepared for langley research center under contract nas 117351 national aeronautics and space administration scientific and technical information division 1988.